Micro Economic Environment Essay Example for Free

Micro Economic Environment Essay The economic environment consists of external factors in a business market and the broader economy that can influence a business. You can divide the economic environment into the microeconomic environment, which affects business decision-making such as individual actions of firms and consumers, and the macroeconomic environment, which affects an entire economy and all of its participants. Many economic factors act as external constraints on your business, which means that you have little, if any, control over them. Lets take a look at both of these broad factors in more detail Macroeconomic influences are broad economic factors that either directly or indirectly affect the entire economy and all of its participants, including your business. These factors include such things as: Interest rates Taxes Inflation Currency exchange rates Consumer discretionary income Savings rates Consumer confidence levels Unemployment rate Recession Depression Microeconomic factors influence how your business will make decisions. Unlike macroeconomic factors, these factors are far less broad in scope and do not necessarily affect the entire economy as a whole. Microeconomic factors influencing a business include: Market size Demand Supply Competitors Suppliers Distribution chain such as retailer stores Why Is It Important? The economic environment of business will play a pivotal role in determining the success or failure of a business. Lets first consider some  macroeconomic factors. If interest rates are too high, the cost of borrowing may not permit a business to expand. On the other hand, if unemployment rate is high, businesses can obtain labor at cheaper costs. However, if unemployment is too high, this may result in a recession and less discretionary consumer spending resulting in insufficient sales to keep the business going. Tax rates will take a chunk of your income and currency exchange rates can either help or hurt the exporting of your products to specific foreign markets. Now, lets turn our attention to microeconomic factors for a bit. Market size may determine the viability of entering into a new market. If a market is too small, there may not be sufficient demand and profit potential. This leads us to the concept of demand and supply. If your product is in high demand but there is a low supply of it, you are going to make a tidy profit, but if your product is in low demand and the market is flooded with similar products, you may be facing bankruptcy. The quality and quantity of your competition will affect how well you do in winning customers in the marketplace. Suppliers are the arteries pumping vital supplies and resources to you for production. If you have problems with suppliers, it can clog up those arteries and cause serious problems. Likewise, the type of relationship you have with your distributors, such as retail stores, may influence how quickly your products leave their shelves. Summary The environment in which a business operates is very complex and has a great deal of influence on how a business performs and whether it will succeed. Macroeconomic factors influence not only a business but also all participants in an economy and include such things as interest rates, inflation, unemployment rates, taxes, discretionary spending, periods of growth and recession. Microeconomic factors also influence the success or failure of a business and include such things as market size, demand, supply, competitors, suppliers, and distributors.

Fear in Lord of the Flies Essays -- Lord of the Flies William Golding

Fear in Lord of the Flies In the novel the Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, fear is the cause of all of the problems that take place on the island. At first, the island is thought to be splendid and a paradise, but as the boys' stay on the island increases, so, too, do their fears. The boys soon become afraid of each other and soon after that the boys break up and fight because of the fear. The boys' original fears are of what they think are beasts. "Then people started getting frightened" (Golding, 88). This was spoken by Ralph at an assembly because he knew that things were breaking up and he also knew why. It was the fear. In the novel the Lord of the Flies, fear is the root of the trouble that is caused on the island. The boys' fear turns into fear of each other after only a short time on the island. Many of the boys leave Ralph and join Jack's tribe of hunters because Jack provides them with fun. Jack's tribe goes hunting and has feasts and everyone, even if it is only for a short time, forgets about the beast and ignores it. After a while, though, some of the boys are in Jack's tribe because of their fear, but not their fear of the beast. They stay in Jack's group because they are afraid of Jack and, eventually, Roger. Jack controls them all by showing he is merciless; He's going to beat Wilfred. What for? Robert shook his head doubtfully. I don't know. He didn't say. He got angry and made us tie Wilfred up (176). Jack beats up members of his tribe for no reason at all, except to instill upon them the fear of himself. Soon, everyone is afraid of Roger also. The twins are forced to join Jack's tribe and are terrified of Roger. "You don't know Roger. He's a terror." "-and t... ...ic, see a beast sitting on top of the mountain and Ralph, Jack and Roger confirm what the twins saw, there is complete fear. No one is willing to walk alone or even to go deep into the forests, except for Simon. The boys are terrified and this is when things start to break up. Now, the fear moves on from what they think is the beast to something much more dangerous. Now, they are afraid of each other. At first the island is thought to be a paradise by the boys. It is a dream come true. The boys are living every child's fantasy. Then things start to go horribly wrong. Fear sets in. In this novel, William Golding illustrates that fear is everywhere and can wreak havoc on many things. In this case the boys become afraid of each other and for all of them survival becomes impossible. They eventually they realize that dreams can easily turn into nightmares.

Beowulf: Sigemund Episode Essay

One of the best literary devices the author of Beowulf uses is the use of episodes and digressions. Each of these episodes and digressions tell another story apart from the main plot of Beowulf, but sets up an introduction to the main plot. One such episode, the Sigemund episode, tells of valiant King Sigemund who received glory and honor through his killing of the dragon and possession of the hoard. Sigemund became a noble and experienced king, only to be betrayed and brought to his downfall. Beowulf was much the same as Sigemund, and both were great examples of heroes. The Sigemund episode introduces a comparison to Beowulf, foreshadows Beowulf’s downfall, and parallels the irony of Beowulf’s shortcomings. As we see in the following lines: â€Å"Sigemund’s name was known everywhere. / He was utterly valiant and venturesome, / a fence round his fighters and flourished therefore† (897-898), the author introduces Sigemund as an excellent comparison to Beowulf. The author uses the Sigemund episode to set up a better understanding of the character of Beowulf by describing a king much like himself. This allows the reader to understand the character of Beowulf and know what a noble and valiant character he was. The author presents Sigemund as a brave warrior who defeated the dragon, much like the victorious warrior that Beowulf was. And within the Sigemund episode, Heremod is introduced as a wicked king, an exact opposite of Sigemund and Beowulf. This allows the reader to compare the three kings, and promote Beowulf as a noble king such as Sigemund. Another purpose of the Sigemund episode within Beowulf is to foreshadow Beowulf’s defeat and downfall. Sigemund is a noble and mighty king, but is led to his defeat in the following lines: â€Å"†¦ The king was betrayed, ambushed in Jutland, overpowered / and done away with† (901-903). This defeat of Sigemund foreshadows Beowulf’s defeat and death during the battle with the dragon. As Sigemund and Beowulf are both valiant kings, they both are led to their failure and death. This part of the Sigemund episode gives the reader a glimpse of what is to come for Beowulf in the rest of the poem. From this episode, the author uses irony that Beowulf will become a great and mighty king, but also will come face to face with his destruction. The author uses this irony to connect the characters of Sigemund and Beowulf. Not only does the Sigemund episode foreshadow the downfall of Beowulf, but it also sets up a choice that Beowulf has to make. Beowulf has to either chose to be like Sigemund, a courageous and noble king, or take the path of Heremod, an evil king. This gives the reader a sense of uncertainty of the choice Beowulf will make. As the reader, the choice that Beowulf will make is obvious, but this is a huge choice of character for Beowulf. It gives a chance for Beowulf to prove his character, and allows the reader to understand the trustworthiness of Beowulf once he does chose to be a noble king. Among the various episodes and digressions within Beowulf, Sigemund’s episode sets up the best foreshadowing of Beowulf’s life. In all, Sigemund’s episode clues the reader in with what type of character Beowulf is. Sigemund is the perfect comparison to Beowulf, and this allows the reader to expect what is to come for Beowulf. Sigemund’s hymn apart from the main plot of Beowulf accomplished the task of introducing and setting up the destiny for Beowulf.

Global Warming And Its Impact On The World - 1042 Words

Global Warming Yarely Juarez Jack F.Macy Intermediate School Abstract Global warming is a topic that concern many scientists and other people. lbis paper will be stating on the causes,history, technology, and etc. Inthis research paper you will find most of the history of global warming, how it has had a impact on the world, how it impacts us and our daily lives, and etc. Also I (Yarely Juarez) will be stating what are the planning or direction of this technology. Many 7t11 graders do not put as much interest on global warming and on how it affects us. Also this essay will contain the evolution of this topic,which is global warming, the development of he alternative technology. It will also state the important people have increased the technology.Finally,the essay will provide some examples on why the technology is important. Introduction Global warming has been here for many years.It has had a great impact on the earth. What causes global warming? Well, that is a good question ,the causes of global warming are the following: greenhouse effect, factories, pollution, cars, climate change, and etc. In pollution there are specific things that cause global warming. For example carbon dioxide is a primary cause of global warming. How do cars cause global warming? Well, cars give out a gas that poisons the earth. Most likely the common cause of global warming is cars because we, as busy people, have to drive everyday most of the time. So,if we useShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Global Warming On The World1044 Words   |  5 PagesKhaterah Sayed Wheaton Period 6 January 4, 2016 Permafrost We hear about it on the news, we read about it in our textbooks, and it’s happening now. This â€Å"it† is global warming that is slowly tearing our earth apart. Mankind itself has been causing the earth’s temperatures to rise approximately 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880 due to constant emission of carbon dioxide from carbon based fuels. This includes industrialization, deforestation, and pollution which hasRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The Contemporary World1442 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming has been deteriorating, and criticised by the entire world environmental organisations throughout the contemporary world. This phenomenon is mainly associated be human made pollutions and wastes emitted through the global industrialisation. Out of this global issue, modern architects has started to design architectures which included the concern of sustainability. Sustainable architecture can be divided in three different core parts: sustainable mater ials, sustainable constructionRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has emerged as one of the most serious concerns for scientists and environmentalists in the 21st century. This is based on the negative impact of global warming, which is not limited to deforestation, drastic variations in climate, decline in output of global agricultural industry, degradation of ice sheets in Antarctic, decrease in ocean productivity, rise in sea levels, and increase in tornadoes, hurricanes and floods. The primary reason for global warming has been identified asRead MoreThe Threat Posed by Global Warming Essay examples1359 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Introduction The environmental situation in the world is worsening on a regular basis mostly due to the pollution caused by human-made activities. The global warming and climate change do not only affect people’s health and nature but also the economy forcing people to invent ways in order to reduce the negative impact of this natural catastrophe. This paper will describe the nature of global warming, as well as the basic causes and effects of this continuous rise of the Earth’sRead MoreEssay on Global Warming1389 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming First discovered at the turn of the century by the Swedish scientist Arrhenius, global warming was initially thought to only cause increased greenhouse gases from coal combustion emissions. It wasn’t until fifty years later that the real causes and effects of global warming would be discovered. A British scientist by the name of Calendar correlated the 10% increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide between 1850 and 1940 with the observed warming of northern Europe and North AmericaRead MoreGlobal Warming: Fiction or Truth? Essay example1369 Words   |  6 PagesTrue or false; global warming is a catastrophic event that is occurring by natural and human means that is causing global temperature to rise and that can lead to many disasters? This has been an issue that hundreds and maybe thousands of scientists and citizens have debated about back and forth. The thought of global warming existing is a strong claim that many and most people have been backing up. Reliable sources have claims and evidence that is sufficient to prove global warming but other reliableRead MorePros and Cons: Global Warming Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesAlleged Global Warming has been a hot topic and been widely reported in the American media since the 1970s. In March 2014, TED, a nonprofit committed to expanding ideas with short talks, gave a powerful presentation of the alleged current consequences of Global Warming in Gavin Schmidt’s (2014) talk: The emergent patterns of climate change. His claims are stark and he implores his audience to take the grave predictions of Global Warming seriously and not just write it off as insignificant. WhileRead MoreReview of The Great Global Warming Swindle1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Global Warming Swindle has been the most widely watched documentary critical of the scientific consensus that climate change is due to anthropogenic activities. Aired in 2007 in the United Kingdom, the documentary claimed to debunk the â€Å"m yth† of manmade global climate change, exposing it as a vast conspiracy designed to gain funding for research and push an environmental agenda that is especially harmful to the developing world. Directed by British producer Martin Durkin, the documentaryRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On Our Earth1676 Words   |  7 PagesIn many parts of the world, there are an abundance of factors that add to the destruction of our Earth. These issues include air, water, and environmental problems that we, as a global society, contribute to everyday. These concerns create major impacts that pertains to much of the globe and the world in which we inhabit today, compared to the world we lived in 50 years ago. Frequent statements that contribute to the overall thought of global warming include the following: how the community suppliesRead MoreEssay about We Can Stop Global Warming965 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming is the increasing temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. In the last few decades this increase has been relatively significant. Global warming is the largest problem that the world will face in the twentieth century. This is going to require international attention and the cooperation from everyone, including the government. The Earths atmosphere has already warmed by 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1900. Scientists contend that anthropogenic additions of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2

The Sickle Of Sickle Cell Disease - 1381 Words

Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood disorders that affects the red blood cells, specifically the hemoglobin. This disease is very interesting because it actually is said to have protective advantages against malaria in the traits heterozygous form. Some scientists, along with students at Kenyon college, claim that the sickle cell trait has evolved or has been naturally selected because it provides vital protection from malaria (Camperchioli). This is mainly backed by the fact that the sickle cell trait is most commonly found in areas where malaria is predominant. Sickle cell disease is a leading cause of death for children in Africa and has begun to spread all over the world, which is why it is important to understand how†¦show more content†¦Approximately 100,000 Americans have the disease and it is beginning to effect more people around the world and spreading due to technology and innovations (National Heart, Lungs, and Blood Institute). Malaria is also a deadly disease that effects many people. In 2012, it was found that over 600,000 people died from the disease and about half of the world live in areas that are at high risk of malaria transmission (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The relation between sickle cell and malaria is so important to study and understand because of the two severe diseases it deal with and the size of the effected population. According to A. Alison, there’s a possibility that people with the sickle cell trait have an advantage over those without the trait. In 1946, Beet ran an experiment involving 102 sickle cell infected patients from Rhodesia and only 9.8% of them had signs of malaria, where 491 patients without the sickle cell trait were also tested and 15.3% of them had malaria parasites. In another study the same experiment was conducted, but on African children. 27% of the children with the trait showed signs of the parasite, where 46% of the children without contained the parasite. The results show a large difference

Finance An Important Aspect Of Everyday Life - 926 Words

Finance is an important aspect of everyday life. Keeping finances in balance is a vital thing to be a successful individual in virtually all areas of life. It is of utmost importance that children and teenagers get taught about the importance of finances and are able to see their personal finance in action. This will insure, as a young adult, they will know even the basics of how to handle money, deal with credit, maneuver insurances and other basic forms of finances. How did parents and grandparents of this generation and ones before that get taught about finances? What kinds of experiences did they have to go through to understand finances as they do now? The finances of our parents and grandparents are equally or arguably more important than our own. It was, for many people their parent’s or a family member’s money that paid our way through college.For this assignment we were to interview someone who is twenty or thirty years older than us. We were to ask specific questions related to finance. I chose to interview my Mother, Regina Eakins who is 50 years old. The first question we were to ask was, how old were you when you first became aware of financial matters, such as wise use of credit, buying a home, your personal taxes and making plans for your retirement, to name a few. She stated that she first started to become aware of credit when she was twenty years old. She learned the basics of buying a home in 2001 when we, as a family firstShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Finance for Me642 Words   |  3 PagesFinance is probably one of the most significant part of our life, it is involved in all kind of activities. No matter where you are and what you are doing, we all face difficulties in making decisions in how and when to use money. Talking about finance, most of people would link it with monetary terms, material possessions and investment to increase personal assets. For me through finance is more about budgeting. However, I consider it not only as a money management tool to balance my expenses andRead MoreInto The Human Geography : The Apple Iphone1385 Words   |  6 Pagesjunctures in the iPhones commodity chain such as manufacturing and retail sale. In the latter half of my paper, I will then specifically investigate into the people who physically produce the iPhone and their living conditions, ways of life, and overall character. It is important to understand that even though Apple is a very profitable company that sells successful, unique products, they still use a contract manufacture known as Foxconn that is known for their harsh work environments and poor labor treatmentRead MoreEssay about Cause and Effects Not Keepinga Personal Budget1233 Words   |  5 PagesDetermining Causes and Effects Revised Version Personal budgeting is an important factor in regards to successful long term financial stability. Budgeting has many great aspects as well as showing areas of weakness. It can show the truth about your personal financial spending habits, areas that are not looked at enough, and if there are needs for a larger emergency fund. The reality of personal budgeting is that many people potentially do not keep a personal budget for one reason or another. PeopleRead MorePersonal Statement On Personal Finance1724 Words   |  7 Pages Knowledge about personal finance is not always common knowledge and although money touches most modern homes, most parents don’t teach their kids about money either. It can be hard to find time in a busy schedule to figure out when and how to adjust your time to set up a proper budget so instead you just decide to live pay check to paycheck because it got your parents by and now it gets you by and that has just always worked. One day you have to grow up and realize that those consequences ofRead MoreMarketing Plan For Coca Cola Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagesfor me. I bought it when it was at a monthly low, and it quickly rose and made me thousands. I was able sell the shares for $782.85 a piece. Amazon showed me one of the most crucial lessons in investing. Buying a stock when it’s low is the most important rule. This allows for more potential growth for your investment. Overall, I made money off Amazon because I bought it low and sold it before it completely crashed again. Nike was the fourth company that I invested in. Same as with the other companiesRead MorePublic Schools And Public School908 Words   |  4 Pagesclosest examples of â€Å"real life situations† we are teaching in public school. You may, however, felt the frustration of trying to do taxes, buy a house, or balance a checkbook for the first time and felt underprepared. Our public school system leaves students unprepared for the adult world. Public k12 school curriculums don’t teach students to be informed adults, but rather teach them to recite random facts for tests without absorbing the information or applying it to life. Many high school graduatesRead MoreConflict Between The Workforce And The Workplace897 Words   |  4 Pagesall handled differently. Managers should have a set of rules to stick by in order to keep issues resolved. Management of a business must know when to eliminate conflict and when to build on it (Rue, 1992). Stress can be an aspect of conflict in the work place or everyday life at home. The American Institute of Stress reports that stress costs the U.S. businesses about 300 billion a year in lost productivity, increased employee compensation claims, increased turnover, and increased health care costsRead MoreMy Life And The Internet1200 Words   |  5 Pages Everyday life and the Internet is entwined, the Internet has transformed modern behavior, and virtually every aspect of living, is both widely known and a source of ongoing study. In plain terms, such unlimited access to information and communication has radically altered concepts of self and community. It gives us up to date information to start our day from finance, work schedules, family. Marshall McLuhan quoted: â€Å"When something becomes commonplace people don’t identify it as everyday lifeRead More What is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s lives.979 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s lives. As children What is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s lives. As children, they start their academic careers in elementary school and as they grow older they move onto middle school, and then finally high school. I believe that from elementary school to high school, students are getting the minimal amount of education. Some people stop their education after their grade twelve yearRead MoreStudent s Culture And Education871 Words   |  4 Pageslearners and value learning. (p.378) It is important as an educator to connect the curriculum to the student’s culture and to real world experiences because this will aid students in learning. Ladson-Billings (1995) gives an excellent example of how students from different cultures may look at a mathematics question differently. In short, the students were given a math problem asking would it be more efficient for an adult to buy a monthly pass or to pay everyday for the month. Well the African American

Visa Compliance Cancellation and Review †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Visa Compliance Cancellation and Review. Answer: John Smithers being a New Zealand citizen has been granted Temporary subclass 444 visa, which permits any New Zealanders to reside and work in Australia if the person remains a citizen of New Zealand. This visa does not entitle the holder with the same benefits and rights that an Australian citizen is entitled to enjoy. Although he is a successful employee in Toyota he his personal behavior is unsatisfactory. John received a Notice of Intention to Consider Cancellation (NOICC) of his visa under section 501(1) of the Migration Act 1958 on character grounds. According to section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (Migration Act), any visa of a non-citizen may be refused or cancelled if such holder has failed to convince the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (the Minister) or a delegate of the Minister that they have passed the character test[1]. There are two essential decision-making process under section 501 where the Minister or the delegate, at the first stage, must take into consideration of the fact whether the visa holder has successfully passed the character test or the threshold test for refusal or cancellation. If the Minister or the delegate of the Minister were of the opinion that the holder has passed the threshold test under section 501(1), (2) or (3) for cancellation or refusal of the visa, it would lead to the second stage of decision-making process that is stipulated under section 501 of the Migration Act 1958. In the second stage, the Minister or the delegate would make a decision whether they should implement their discretion to cancel or refuse the visa of the visa holder[2]. According to the commencement of the Ministerial Direction No. 55, the Officers of the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) are required to comply with the Direction while making cancelling or refusal decisions under section 501(1) and 501(2) of the Migration act 1958. However, the direction shall not be applicable to visa cancellation or refusal decision that the Minister has personally made. Although the Minister may refer to the direction while exercising his personal powers to make refusal or cancellation decisions, nevertheless, he is not obligated to follow the Directions. Cancellation or Refusal by the Minister or delegate under section 501(1) or (2) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) According to section 501(1), the Minister is entitled to grant or refuse a visa if such person fails to convince that he/she passed the character test[3]. The visa can be cancelled under section 501(2) of the Migration Act on the following grounds: The Minister is under rational suspicion that the visa holder/applicant has failed to qualify the character test; The visa holder/applicant failed to assure the Minister that he/she had passed the character test. The Minister or a delegate may exercise its discretionary power conferred upon him by section 501(1) and 501(2) of the Act[4]. Some of the DIAC officers usually act as the delegates of the Ministers while making such refusal or cancellation of visa decisions. Character Test Under section 501 of the Migration Act states that a person is said to have failed the character test on the grounds stipulated under section 501(6) (a) to (d) of the Migration Act which are enumerated as below: Substantial criminal record; Association with persons who is suspected to be involved in criminal conduct; Conviction for immigration detention offenses; Significant risk of any future conduct of similar types; Any present or past general or criminal conduct; Substantial Criminal record- A person is said to have substantial criminal record if such person have been subjected to: Life imprisonment or death sentence; Imprisonment for 12 months or more; Total terms of imprisonments is two years or more; Acquittal of an offence on the grounds of insanity, unsoundness or have been subjected to detention; Any person who has a substantial criminal record shall not pass the character test automatically irrespective of any justifying factors that was related to his/her offense[5]. Past or present, general or criminal conduct- under section 501(6) (c) of the Migration Act, if the present or past criminal or general conduct signifies the student does not have a good character, the person fails the character test[6]. However, while determining whether the person is of good character, the Minister shall consider the facts and circumstances of the relevant case which includes any evidences of recent good behavior of the applicant thus, complying with the Direction No.55. Significant risks of future conduct- A person does not succeed the character test if there is a considerable risk that the person while residing in Australia, would be involved in illegal conduct, molest, harass, or intimidate another person[7]. Such person may pose danger to the community by engaging into harmful activities that might be threatening to the Australian community or any particular part of the community. Association with persons engaged in criminal conduct- a person does not pass the character test is he/she is involved with a criminal person or a person who the Minister suspects to be engaged in criminal conduct. Conviction for immigration detention offences- a person shall fail to satisfy the Minister that he passed a character test if the person is convicted of any offense while he was under immigration detention, after he escaped from immigration detention, or before he was detained as is stipulated under section 501 of the Act. Addressing the Notice of Intention to Consider Cancellation (NOICC) After the NOICC is served it is mandatory that a response is provided along with submissions and evidence, thus, justifying why the visa should not be cancelled. Such response should be provided within 28 days from the date the NOICC is served. On the facts here, John has been involved in criminal activities in the past years. In 2014, he was charged with theft of a motor vehicle, exhibition of drunken behavior and driving carelessly and he was released with a $2000 good behavior without any conviction. In 2015, he had been convicted for 2 months imprisonment with compensation of $2500 for driving without a license and carelessly and assaults. He further failed to render necessary assistance in an accident scene. Further, in 2017, he had been convicted for 3 months imprisonment with compensation of $3000 for committing burglary with a Samurai sword, a lethal weapon. The Minister or any delegate shall consider these criminal conducts as present and past or general criminal conduct, which may result in automatic cancellation of the visa[8]. However, as discussed above, while determining whether the applicant is of a bad character, the Direction No.55 mandates the minister or a delegate to consider all the facts and circumstances relevant to this case[9]. The Minister or the delegate is required to consider all evidences including evidence of recent good behavior of the applicant. The decision makers should consider the following factors: nature, frequency, severity and collective impact of the offence or offences; demeanor of the person since the commission of the offence which includes any conduct that signifies character reform; time period since the person was last involved in criminal conduct; any evidence of ongoing engagement with criminals; any traces of commission of similar offence; any traces of contempt of law; the surrounding circumstances that may justify the criminal conduct in which the applicant was involved; On the facts here, in his justification, John may state that he is regretful for his previous conducts and wishes to reform, given the fact that he is going to become a father. He may further state that he has been subject to medical treatment under a Psychiatrist who is of the opinion that there is every possibility for John to reform and abstain from engaging into any form of criminal conduct in the future. Further, he may state that he is a successful employee in Toyota and is regarded as a highly competent motor mechanic by his colleagues as well as by the employers. In fact, he received an award for the mechanic of the year by Toyota recently. Furthermore, his parents are proud of his employment success. Under section 501(1), if an applicant is involved in any past or present conduct criminal conduct, a person fails the character test. However, John may justify his conduct on the following grounds: that he fell into bad company in the night club and became involved in the alleged criminal conducts; that since the last criminal conduct and after his conviction, he has not been engaged in any further criminal activities; that he had been subject to medical treatment under a psychiatrist and he opined that with growing influences of his family and girlfriend and persistent treatment, he will be rehabilitated; John himself regrets his previous conducts and promises not to repeat or become engaged in any further criminal activity in the future; As per Direction No.55, the decision-makers may consider the following factors while assessing whether the past or present conduct implies that they do not have a fine personality: The person has been engaged in war crimes, terrorist activities or crime against humanity, drug trafficking, extortion, fraud or have a past history ofimmigration law contravention; The person has deported or removed from Australia or another country; The person has been discharged in advance from armed forces; John has not been engaged in any of the above circumstances, and his conduct were though criminal in nature but it did not amount to any of the factors mentioned above. In order to establish that John regrets his part conduct and wishes to reform, he must attach the doctors certificate that there is a complete possibility that he would not commit any criminal conduct in the future as evidence as well as evidence of his organizational conduct[10]. Since failing character test does not automatically cancel or refuses the visa, the decision maker shall have regards to certain primary considerations stipulated under Direction No. 55 that are follows: Best interests of minor children in Australia; The applicants present family in Australia provided they are Australian citizens; Australian Business interests; The economic, health and safety impediments the applicant will face if removed from country; Therefore, John may apply state in his response that his girlfriend is expecting his child and it is for the welfare of the unborn child that his visa is not cancelled. Further, his girlfriend Hannah is part of his immediate family and has no economic stability to raise the child by herself as she is a student and John has a financial stability to support her and their unborn child. His immediate family also includes his parents who are old and have significant health problems as serious as Parkinsons disease and dementia. Since the NOICC is served to cancel the visa, the decision-makers must consider that John would face economic impediments relating to standard of living[11]. Furthermore, since John is regarded as the best technician of the Toyota Company, it is in the best interest of the Australian company that John is not deported as it might affect the production of the company[12]. These grounds establish the strength, nature and duration of Johns ties to the country. However, it is also a fact that the Minister is not obligated to comply with the Direction while making personal decision with respect to the cancellation or refusal of visa on the character grounds under section 501 of the Migration Act 1988. Consequences of cancellation of visa on character grounds If the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship cancels the visa on the ground of character test, John shall face serious consequences like placement in immigration detention for long periods. He may be separated from his family and friends or may be removed from the country. However, John may apply to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) within 9 days from the decision made by the delegate, for reviewing the merits of the decision or challenge the legality of the decisions through the courts. However, only a Delegates decision may be appealed before the AAT[13]. The AAT shall review the original decision and set aside such order under section 501 of the Act. John may apply for review of the decision made by the Minister and the delegate before the Federal Court or High Court of Australia where the court may set aside the original decision based on jurisdictional error. References Aas, Katja Franko, and Mary Bosworth, eds. The borders of punishment: Migration, citizenship, and social exclusion. Oxford University Press, 2013. Bucerius, Sandra M., and Michael H. Tonry, eds. The Oxford handbook of ethnicity, crime, and immigration. Oxford Handbooks, 2014. Donald, Adam. "Immigration points-based systems compared." BBC News (2015). Hoang, Khanh, and Sudrishti Reich. "Managing crime throughmigration law in Australia and the United States: a comparative analysis." Comparative Migration Studies 5.1 (2017): 12. Hollifield, James, Philip Martin, and Pia Orrenius. Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press, 2014. https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/42597/Own-motion-report-into-the-Administration-of-Section-of-the-Migration-Act-1958-final.pdf https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/444- Joppke, Christian. "Through the European looking glass: citizenship tests in the USA, Australia, and Canada." Citizenship studies 17.1 (2013): 1-15. Lint, Willem De, Lorraine Mazerolle, and Rick T. Sarre. "Book Review, Leanne Weber, Policing Non-Citizens." (2015). McGrath, Jane. "A path of devotion: Migrationlaw and the art of specialising." Bulletin (Law Society of South Australia) 39.1 (2017): 8. McIntyre, Deborah, et al. "Experiences of adults with high-care needs and their family members with housing and support pathways in Australia." Disability and rehabilitation 39.18 (2017): 1829-1839. Migration Act 1958 (Cth) Oldfield, Yvonne. "Australia's guestworkers? A discussion of the rights of New Zealand citizens to enter, reside and work in Australia." (2014). Phillips, Janet, and Harriet Spinks. "Immigration detention in Australia." Parliamentary Library 20 (2013). Stanley, Elizabeth. "Expanding crimmigration: The detention and deportation of New Zealanders from Australia." Australian New Zealand Journal of Criminology (2017): 0004865817730858.